.i 


Ml 

i    is!;" 


I;  :  b  itm  III )  II 
iSllliiliiiiliil^ 


UMOHilUUHUHUiUlifUiiiiHiiuHIMiMhui 


•  iiltlli! 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


^.  0.  BAKm 

DALLAS,  "-"y  .1? 


lluAjiyi^-^--^fS-ir^  r 


Boyd  Shorthand 


IS 


A  System  of  Shorthand  in  which 

Characters  Represent 

Syllables 


This  System  Greatly  Simplifies  the  Science.     It  may  be  learned  in 
one-fifth  of  the  time  required  for  other  systems. 


by 


Robert  Boyd,  B.  A. 

(University  of  Toronto) 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  SCHOOL.  .  CHICAGO,  ILL. 
LONDON  BUSINESS  COLLEGE. ..  LONDON,  ENG. 


Copyright,  1901,  by  Robert  Boyd. 
Copyright,  1912,  by  Robert  Boyd. 


Copyrighted  in  the  United  States,  British  Em- 
pire, Germany,  France,  Spain,  Italy  and  Japan. 


BOYD 
SHORTHAND 


PREFACE 

In  recommending  the  Boyd  System  of  Short- 
hand to  the  public,  we  wish  to  call  your  attention 
to  the  fact  that  we  are  introducing  a  system  which 
has  revolutionized  the  art  of  shorthand  writing- 
in  the  phenomenally  short  time  it  has  been  in 
existence. 

Ever  since  the  days  of  Socrates,  men  have 
struggled  to  produce  some  system  of  recording 
words  that  would  be  so  easily  and  accurately 
written,  as  to  enable  the  writer  to  reproduce  the 
'mpassioned  eloquence  of  the  world's  great  ora- 
tors and  the  technical  language  of  the  busy  pro- 
fessional and  commercial  world.  The  history  of 
shorthand  has  come  down  to  us  through  the  ages, 
coupled  with  the  names  of  men  prominent  in  the 
world  of  literature,  who  by  invention  or  improve- 
ment have  sought  to  solve  the  mystery  of  quick 
writing. 

The  Boyd  Shorthand  is  based  on  a  principle 
which  is  entirely  different  from  any  other  system. 
It  is  a  system  which  makes  characters  represent 
syllables  ratlior  than  single  letters.  The  advan- 
tage of  this  will  at  once  appeal  to  the  tliinking 
critic  of  shorthand  systems.  In  every  way  the 
system  is  logical  and  unique.  Tliere  is  no  otlier 
like  it.    It  l)as  so  nianv  new  features  tliat  it  can- 


452217 


PREFACE 


not  be  compared  with  what  we  call  the  old  sys- 
tems. It  belongs  to  ''The  Higher  Education"  in 
the  front  rank  of  better  methods  which  modern 
invention  and  study  are  bringing  forth.  It  has 
torn  away  the  veil  of  mystery  which  has  hitherto 
enveloped  shorthand  and  has  made  the  study  clear 
and  easy.  It  produces  clear  headed  and  confident 
writers  who  are  not  weighted  down  with  a  burden 
of  rules  with  their  necessary  exceptions.  In  fact 
this  system  is  what  the  writing  world  has  been 
waiting  for,  and  when  you  have  examined  the 
principle  upon  which  it  is  founded,  you  will  won 
der  why  the  principle  was  never  before  utilized 
for  a  system  of  writing. 

The  advent  of  this  system  is  opportune,  as 
stenographers  are  in  greater  demand  today  than 
they  ever  were,  owing  to  the  fact  that  men  in  all 
lines  of  business  demand  that  their  correspond- 
ence be  typewritten,  thus  obviating  the  serious 
annoyance  and  delay  occasioned  by  illegible  hand- 
writing. Wm.  J.  MOEAN. 


CONTENTS 


B.  0.  BAKER 
lAWYER 

DALLAS  T£:a. 


PAGE 

Introduction   11 


Five  Vowel  Characters 21 

Four  Consonant  Characters 23 

General  Eeview  25 

Monosyllables  Ending  in  Vowels 39 

Abbreviations 42 

Phrases    43 

Business  Letters  46 

Word  Groups  73 

Reading  Exercises 79 


INTRODUCTION 

EvEKY  sound  and  letter  in  tlie  English  language 
is  clearly  and  exactly  differentiated  in  this  system 
of  shorthand  which  is  based  on  the  syllable.  It 
is  no  more  applicable  to  one  line  of  business  than 
to  another,  but  applies  with  equal  facility  to  all 
words  common  or  technical.  Writing  is  an  imita- 
tion of  printing,  and  in  printing  a  syllable  is  a 
definite  mark  which  admits  of  no  variation.  To 
base  a  system  of  shorthand  on  the  syllable  seems 
to  be  the  most  natural  method  in  the  production 
of  a  complete  and  scientific  representation  of 
words  by  signs. 

A  syllable,  according  to  its  derivation  from  two 
Greek  words,  means  the  union  of  two  or  more 
letters  in  one  sound.  Our  words,  for  the  purpose 
of  clearness  in  spelling  and  pronunciation,  are 
divided  into  syllables.  The  old  notion  obtained 
that  the  number  of  syllables  in  our  language  was 
very  great,  even  tens  of  thousands,  but  this  belief 
is  a  mistake.  It  is  possible  to  form  tens  of  thou- 
sands of  syllables  from  the  alphabet,  but  many  of 
these  syllables  are  difficult  to  pronounce  and  very 
unpleasing  to  the  ear.  The  natural  instincts  of 
the  human  race  chose  only  the  most  euphonious, 
and  these  are  112  in  number,  and  of  this  number 
a])0ut  fifty  are  rarely  used. 

There  is  really  nothing  wonderful  in  the  fact 
that  the  nuiiil)er  of  syllables  in  our  language  is 
not  hn-gf.  Do  not  the  ten  figures,  viz.,  12345G7S90, 
build  lip  ;ill  )»rol)lems  in  arithmetic  and  the  higlier 
matlicmalics  so  extensive  1li;i1  no  person  lias  ever 


12  INTRODUCTION" 

reached  the  outer  limits.  The  wonder  is  tiiere  are 
so  many  syllables,  and  it  may  interest  the  reader 
to  know  that  about  thirty-five  syllables  build  up 
about  three-fourths  of  all  words  in  the  language. 

The  proposal  to  employ  characters  to  represent 
syllables  at  first  suggests  the  thought  that  this 
involves  the  use  of  a  vast  number  of  characters, 
but  nine  characters  arranged  in  different  rela- 
tions are  sufficient  to  obtain  the  differentiation 
of  each  syllable.  The  characters  are  so  arranged 
that  when  the  student  learns  sixteen  syllables  he 
practically  knows  eighty.  This  explains  how  in 
one  month  the  average  person  may  attain  a  speed 
of  100  words  a  minute,  and  this  speed  by  subse- 
quent practice,  can  be  extended  to  200  words  a 
minute,  and  the  writing  is  read  as  easily  as 
longhand. 

The  art  of  writing,  from  a  universal  standpoint, 
has  undergone  no  appreciable  change  by  way  of 
speed  or  legibility  through  the  course  of  its  his- 
tory from  its  earliest  records.  The  twenty-six 
characters  known  as  the  alphabet  in  our  language 
had  their  origin  in  the  ancient  Hebrew  or  Semitic 
language,  which  was  made  up  of  characters  re- 
sembling shapes  of  various  objects  in  nature.  In 
those  ancient  days  when  thought  was  recorded 
upon  skins  of  animals,  papyrus,  barks  of  trees 
and  blocks  of  wood  or  stone,  and  when  commerce 
had  necessitated  no  extensive  correspondence, 
brevity  in  writing  was  a  small  consideration. 
Present  conditions,  dependent  upon  a  highly  de- 
veloped commerce,  have  produced  new  demands 


INTRODUCTION 


13 


in  cliirography,  and  our  slow  and  irritating  proc- 
ess of  committing  tliouglit  to  paper  suggests 
modification. 

This  system  of  shorthand  was  invented  for  the 
purpose  of  displacing  the  old  cumbersome  method 
of  writing  or  printing.  The  fact  that  the  short- 
hand may  be  read  up  side  down  almost  as  readily 
as  in  the  ordinary  manner  is  evidence  that  it  is 
more  legible  than  longhand  which  cannot  be  read 
with  ease  in  this  direction.  Besides  many  of  the 
distinctions  in  longhand  are  more  delicate  than 
any  in  this  shorthand.  In  longhand  it  may  be 
noted  how  the  u  resembles  an  n,  the  only  differ- 
ence between  iv  and  w  is  a  small  dot,  the  a  is  often 
made  like  an  o,  the  q  like  a  g  and  the  b  like  an  1. 
This  system  of  shorthand  having  no  such  fine 
distinctions  is  admirably  adapted  for  taking  lec- 
tures or  private  notes,  or  for  correspondence  be- 
tween parties  who  know  the  system.  For  print- 
ing purposes  it  would  eliminate  much  of  the  labor 
now  expended,  as  one  character  would  take  in  a 
number  of  letters  instead  of  only  one  letter. 
Furthermore,  the  printing  would  be  much  more 
artistic,  and  there  would  be  no  haziness  in  the 
reading. 

Any  shorthand  system  which  is  based  on  the 
single  letter  principle  may  be  traced  back  into 
other  centuries.  John  Byrom,  at  Manchester, 
England,  in  the  year  1707,  published  a  book  in 
shorthand  where  he  grouped  the  letters  according 
to  their  affmity  of  sound,  such  as  p  and  b,  t  and  <1, 
k  and  g,  f  and  v,  s  and  z,  m  and  n  and  so  forth. 
I  quote  from  his  posthumous  edition  published  in 


14  INTRODUCTION 

the  year  1823,  page  3,  as  follows :  ''The  next  con- 
sonant is  f  or  V,  the  latter  being  represented"  by 
the  same  marking  as  f  by  making  the  stroke  a 
little  thicker."  The  other  letters  are  treated  in 
a  similar  manner,  and  the  student  of  the  old 
method  today  will  notice  how  extensively  this 
arrangement  has  been  copied,  and  that  the  pre- 
tension that  such  a  system  where  characters  rep- 
resent single  letters  is  original  and  modern  is  not 
supported  by  the  evidence,  and  a  would-be  author 
shows  little  honor  and  respect  for  the  labors 
which  others  endured  many  generations  ago,  when 
he  represents  such  a  system  as  his  own  product. 
To  make  a  few  insignificant  changes  in  a  short- 
hand system,  and  then  claim  to  be  the  originator 
of  the  system,  would  be  the  same  as  changing  a 
few  bolts  and  washers  on  a  fast  engine  and  then 
claim  to  be  the  inventor  of  the  engine.  Charac- 
ters which  represent  syllables  belong  to  the  mod- 
ern education,  and  are  not  copied  from  the  old 
barbarous  complications. 

It  may  be  the  opinion  of  the  casual  observer 
who  has  not  had  special  experience  in  bringing 
about  important  reforms  in  writing,  that  all  that 
is  necessary  is  to  announce  the  news  to  those  who 
are  interested  and  immediately  the  new  and  bet- 
ter is  adopted  and  the  old  discarded.  While  this 
is  true  in  regard  to  those  who  are  progressive  and 
desire  to  encourage  advancement,  it  is  not  true  in 
regard  to  a  large  part  of  the  people  who  appear 
to  be  unable  to  investigate  for  themselves,  and 
are  exploited  by  unscrupulous  people  into  study- 
ing shorthand  for  six  months,  or  as  long  as  they 


IJTTKODUCTION  15 

can  keep  them,  because  the  longer  the  time  the 
more  profit  for  the  schooL  Charity  is  a  thing 
unknown  with  some  people,  and  the  student  is 
regarded  as  so  much  capital  or  stock  dependent 
upon  the  supply  and  demand  at  the  auction  mar- 
ket. A  notion  that  the  ability  to  inveigle  is  an 
evidence  of  cleverness  is  intolerable.  It  requires 
great  skill  to  pursue  a  straight  course,  while  only 
weakness  is  necessary  to  follow  a  crooked  one. 
Others  are  actuated  by  a  superstitious  notion  that 
the  new  and  better  will  destroy  their  means  of 
support  which  they  gain  from  the  old.  It  is  a 
strange  indictment  of  the  selfishness  of  the  heart 
of  man  to  be  obliged  to  confess  that  the  old 
method,  with  the  failures  and  disappointments 
which  have  marked  its  trail,  should  have  to  be 
driven  out  after  a  conflict  at  the  point  of  the 
sword.  But  with  the  evil  there  also  exists  the 
good  in  a  larger  measure,  and  the  multitude  of 
progressive  people  who  believe  in  honor  as  well 
as  profit,  and  who  are  opposed  to  enslaving  the 
innocent  into  studying  shorthand  for  a  much 
longer  term  than  is  necessary  deserve  much  credit 
for  the  good  the  system  has  done  in  alleviating 
tlie  toil  of  the  learner.  These  people  are  the  safe- 
guard of  truth  and  righteousness,  and  upon  them 
we  depend  for  the  stal)ility  of  our  civilization. 
Tlif  influence  of  tliosc  promoters  of  advancement 
will  foiiliimc  to  grow  witli  increasing  numbers 
until  llic  systejii  finds  its  proper  place  in  the  world 
of  writing.  Robekt  Boyd. 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  17 


CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE  BOYD  SHORT- 
HAND SYSTEM. 


1.  It  is  a  natural  and  scientific  system  based 
on  the  syllable,  and  has  system,  simplicity,  legi- 
Ijility,  brevity  and  speed. 

2.  The  number  of  angles  is  minimized. 

3.  Each  word  is  a  complete  line. 

4.  The  differentiations  are  not  delicate  but 
distinct. 

5.  It  has  only  nine  characters  and  three  rules. 

6.  Backhand  movements  are  not  necessary  in 
the  writing. 

7.  Syllal)les  occurring  most  frequently  are  rep- 
resented ))y  the  most  easily  formed  characters. 

8.  Characters  are  free  from  the  restrictions  of 
copy  lines. 

9.  No  shading  or  dots  are  necessary  in  the 
formation  of  cliaracters. 


18  BOYD  SHORTHAND 


DIRECTIONS  FOR  STUDY. 


1.  In  the  beginning  of  the  study  aim  at  accu- 
racy, rather  than  speed. 

2.  The  size  of  the  characters  should  be  about 
the  same  as  in  the  Instructor. 

3.  Thoroughly  master  the  "a"  group  of  sylla- 
bles before  proceeding  to  the  others,  as  this  is 
the  basis  of  all  the  five  vowel  groups. 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


19 


SYLLABLES  IN  A. 


atL 
asr 


-    '-I  r- 
arl    af 


Jal 


^    ->  a 


ay 


ad  <   *" 
abV 


Note  that  characters 
represent  syUables.  The 
character  for  the  sylla- 
ble at  is  first  made  down- 
ward  with  a  short 
straight  line  and  then  to 
the  right  with  a  longer 
straiglit  line,  forming  a 
right  angle  as  shown  in 

the  accompanying  design.  The  shorter  part  is 
one-third  the  length  of  the  longer  part.  The  let- 
ters a  and  t  are  not  represented  separately,  but 
the  character  as  a  whole  stands  for  the  syllable 
as  a  whole. 

The  character  for  the  syllable  as  is  first  made 
upward,  and  tlien  to  the  right.  The  character  for 
the  syllable  a\  is  first  naade  to  the  right  and  then 
upward,  and  tlie  character  for  the  syllable  an  is 
made  to  the  riglit  and  then  downward.  Each 
cliaracter  is  made  witli  a  continuous  movement, 
and  all  are  relatively  the  same  size. 

The  characters  for  the  syllables  ar,  af,  ac  and 
ad  are  made  downward  in  a  vertical  direction. 
Characters  representing  the  syllal)les  ap,  av,  aw 
and  ay  are  made  upward  in  a  slanting  direction  at 
an 'angle  of  forty-five  degrees.  The  characters 
for  the  sylhibles  aJ),  ar/,  am  and  az  are  made  down- 
ward, shuiting  at  an  angh'  of  forty-five  degrees. "" 


10  BOYD  SHORTHAND 


WHEN  YOU  LEARN  SIXTEEN  SYLLABLES 
YOU  KNOW  EIGHTY. 

NOTE  that  the  groups  A,  E,  I,  0  and  U  resem- 
ble one  another,  and  that  the  consonants  or  last 
letters  in  them  all  are  the  same.  When  the  A 
group  is  thoroughly  understood  all  that  is  neces- 
sary is  to  change  the  a  to  an  e  in  the  E  group,  to 
an  i  in  the  I  group,  to  an  o  in  the  0  group  and  to  a 
u  in  the  U  group.  It  follows  that  by  learning  the 
sixteen  syllables  in  the  A  group  the  remaining 
vowel  groups  are  known  or  eighty  syllables  in  all. 

The  character  for  the  E  syllable  is  made  up  of 
a  straight  line  with  a  hook  at  the  end  of  the  line. 

In  the  /  character  the  angle  is  acute  at  an  angle 
of  forty-five  degrees,  and  the  outline  may  be  made 
by  tracing  the  side  and  diagonal  of  a  square. 

In  the  0  group  the  character  is  a  straight  line 
with  a  loop  at  the  end. 

The  U  character  is  a  curve  with  a  hook  inclined 
inwardly  at  the  end. 

In  the  I  group  the  syllables  it,  is,  in  and  im  are 
very  frequent  in  occurrence.  For  this  reason 
these  four  syllables  are  represented  by  very  easily 
formed  outlines.  The  characters  are  all  made 
from  a  small  circle.  It  is  the  left  half,  is  is  the 
right  half,  in  is  the  upper  half  and  im  is  the  lower 
half. 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


2f. 


FIVE  VOWEL  CHARACTERS 


atL 

asr 


Jal 
Ian 


\  ac 
^/ av 


ar| |af 
ad 


ag 


ab 


et< 
es( 


,r]  fa. 


)e1 
)en 


-N  ec     ed  ^ 

/^v  eD\ 

ew/,  .\ez 


ey 


'K 


^il 


is")      r\  in 


\ez  iw/    ^  ' 


im  \J 


^ 


ot< 

OS( 


t>w/ 


)on 


ocj  lod 
ov  ob 


oz         uw. 


om 


use    "^   '' — ::bun 

ur) (uf 

(^    uc]  fud   f, 
uv  ub\       1 


uz-y 


uy 


um" 


NOTE  that  each  character  assumes  sixteen  dif- 
ferent relations :  t,s,l  and  n  characters  are  hori- 
zontal, right  movement,  r,  f,  c  and  d  characters 
are  vertical,  made  downward,  p,  v,  w  and  y  char- 
acters are  left  oblique,  upward,  and  b,  g,  m  and  z 
characters  are  right  oblique,  downward. 


22  BOYD  SHORTHAND 


Exercise. 

In  the  building  up. of  words  silent  letters  are 
omitted.  The  doubling  of  letters  where  only  one 
letter  is  sounded  is  not  necessary.  In  the  word 
all  the  second  I  may  be  discarded,  so  also  the  silent 
letter  e  in  the  word  are. 

To  attain  speed  in  writing  it  is  customary  to 
abbreviate  the  word,  for  example,  av  for  avenue 
and  ad  for  advertisement.     In  the  word  usual  the 
us  is  joined  to  the  ul,  the  a  being  silent. 

All       are       at       5        av. 

It         is        in       an       advertisement. 
C         Do     1       [. 

All      are      in         it        as      usual. 
^         C        I cr-\^. 


1 


There  is  no  need  of  shorter  characters  for  arith- 
metical figures,  as  these  may  be  written  as  quickly 
as  they  are  pronounced  in  the  most  rapid  speech. 

Punctuation  marks  are  the  same  as  in  longhand 
writing,  as  these  signs  are  among  the  shortest 
and  most  legible  in  nature,  and  are  not  confused 
with  any  other  character  in  the  system. 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  23 


FOUR  CONSONANT  CHARACTERS. 

The  characters  in  the  accompanying  designs  do 
not  admit  of  sixteen  differentiations  as  in  the 
vowel  gronps  and  so  cannot  follow  the  same  order. 

The  straight  line  for  th  is 
made  to  the  right.  To  is  made 
downward,  sh  is  made  upward 
obliquely,  and  wh  is  made 
downward  obliquely.     All  are  r°        ^ 

relatively  the  same  length.  sh/       \wh  ^ 

Characters  for  hi,  h.r,  fr  and  ^  -^ 
re  are  half  circles,  the  same 
size  as  that  for  it,  but  are  ^  ^ 
made  in  an  oblique  direction. 
Bl  and  hr  are  made  upward, 
and  fr  and  re  are  made  down- 
ward. 

A  curve  expressed  by  one-     "7       "^1^ 
quarter  of  a  circle  represents     /^'      \  ♦♦^    ^' 
eight  syllables.    It  is  differcii-  ^  / 

tiated  from  the  in  character  in  (pi      f —  pr) 

two  ways:    1.  n  is  a  curve  and  .  x 

.    .  .  .  /_    trans 

in  is  a  semicircle;  2.  ji  is  twice  Agp  ^^j . 

the  length  of  \n.    In  the  learn-  <>"       st 
ing  of  these  syllables  it  is  well  ■ — -r 

to  draw  the  /?  first,  right  move- 


24 


BOYD  SHOETHAND 


ment.  Then  st  is  drawn  to  the  right.  Pr  and  pi 
are  made  downward.  From  this  arrangement  the 
other  characters  are  more  easily  placed  in  proper 
relation.  CI  and  ch  are  made  upward,  and  si  and 
sp  are  made  downward. 

The  characters  which  were  displaced  in  the  / 
group  by  it,  is,  in  and  im  are  used  for  ex,  ox,  qu 
and  ix.  The  syllable  iw  does  not  occur  in  the  lan- 
guage, and  the  character  is  used  to  represent  for. 
The  syllable  iy  does  not  occur  in  the  language 
and  the  character  is  used  to  express  trans. 

The  remaining 
character    cr    admits  cm     '    'o=.v. 

of  sixteen  differentia-  drs d  ly 

tions,    and    therefore  gr    gi 

follows  the  same  or-  '       ,, 

ux      contr 

der    as    the    vowel     )      tr^  qJ  b  gn^v^"" 

groups.       It    is    made     g^        /ant  scV    circum 


up  of  a  double  hook,     ^^sn       y         sn^OO 

but  the  line  does  not 

touch  itself.     It  is 

used  in  writing  the  following:    cr,  dr,  ax,  ly,  gr, 

gl,   ux,  contr,   tr,  ant,  sw,  sn,  sc,  sup,  sm   and 

circum. 

Write  all  the  vowel  groups  one  after  the  other, 
then  the  four  consonant  groups.  These  are  all 
the  characters  in  the  system,  and  they  differenti- 
ate all  the  syllables  in  the  language. 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 

GENERAL  REVIEW 


25 


Characters 

1  I 

2  C 

3  Z 

5  C^ ^ 

6(2 

8  r^ 

9   

etc 
esC~ 


at  L 
asr 


lal 
Ian 


ar     af 


aw // 


^/av  ab\^ 


^^^    ag 


)el 
)en 


er     ef 


ec     ed 


ev  eb 


ey 


ot( 

OS( 


orl  [of 


)ol 
)on 


ocj  lod 
ov  ob 


'^cl 


Pl 


'ex     i/for 


ox     qu 
^/^trans 

ySP  ch, 

.  St  . 


pr 


th 

I  to 
shy"  \wh 

(bl      f7) 


S^^     ^^  ^^ 


is")       r^  in 


>p. 


em^  l//iy 


\ 
im  v^ 


\OZ  uw. 


sP 


UtCi_^   s pu] 

us^     ^   -- — tiun 

ur) (uf 

^    uc) fud  n 

"  P/^    J  Vj  eO^« 

uv  ub\      I 


uy 


cr(2_ 
drG" 


tr"]  ffirl 


um' 


ax 
iy 


ux  I  I  contr 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  27 


RULES 

In  this  system  of  sliortliand  there  are  only 
three  simple  rules,  logical  and  complete  in  their 
use.  The  first  pertains  to  the  joining  of  char- 
acters, the  second  deals  with  single  letters  and 
the  third  relates  to  twelve  forms  of  words  where 
the  vowels  come  after  the  consonants.  It  is  advis- 
able to  thoroughly  understand  each  rule  before 
proceeding  to  the  following  one. 


RULE  I. 


In  the  joining  of  characters  movement  tends  to 
the  right  upward  or  downward  as  convenience 
permits. 


28 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


EXERCISES   IN    RULE   I. 


Exercise    i, 


Practise  the  following-  exercise   which    shows 
how   characters  are  joined   in   forming  words: 

) 
( 


V^    J     speech     \^  '     purple 

—    1    than      1        ^  (y —  close     /"^ 


f^     J    inch 


L    ^    refer       ^ 


plan 


state 


—  CT —  those 

—  — D  then 


/  c^ shot 

-—-  \  floor     "^ 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


29 


Exercise  2. 
Practise  the  followine  words  in  shorthand: 


state 

plan 

those 
o   ■ 

shop 

/ 

clan 

sheep 

freight 


then 

thoug-ht 
Q 

shot 
close 


clock 

a 

flood 


speech 
than 


prob 


honor 

store 

span 


stove 


plot 


floor 

refer 

Friday 

spell 

stood 

n 

this 

~^ 

steep 


hxercise   3. 
Write  the  shorthand    for   the    fol 
plan  shot  those 

clock  floor  close 

State  open  shop 

usual  even  this 


owing   words: 
store 
than 
sheep 
spell 


30  BOYD  SHORTHAND 


When  the  syllable  th  is  used  alone  it  represents 
the  word  the.  Note  that  the  word  our  is  expressed 
by  the  syllable  ur.J 

Exercise  4. 


3    ^    — ^     ^    C—  D  ■  n    —  ^ 

1    I "-^ o   — o     i 


)  /--^  /-  3^-)/^ 


BOYD  SHOKTHAND  31 


Exercise  4  Transcribed. 

1.  It  is  on  the  floor, 

2.  The  shop  is  on  9th  St. 

3.  In  all  probability  it  is  in  the  store. 

4.  The  stoves  are  at  the  station  on  5th  Av. 

5.  Our  shop  on  Union  Av.  is  closed  tliis  evening  as 
usual. 


BOYD  SHOKTHAND  33 


RULE  II. 

This  rule  deals  with  single  letters  when  they 
do  not  form  parts  of  syllables. 

CONSONANTS :  Of  the  five  characters  used 
in  the  five  vowel  groups  the  second  character  or 
E  syllable  is  the  most  easily  written.  Therefore 
the  E  syllable  is  taken  as  a  basis  of  the  character 
for  the  consonants. 

When  the  character  for  each  syllable  in  the  E 
group  is  reduced  one-half  size  it  represents  the 
corresponding  consonant  of  that  syllable.  For 
example,  t  is  written  one-half  the  size  of  et,  s  is 
written  one-half  the  size  of  es,  and  so  on  for  all 
the  consonants  of  this  group. 

The  characters  for  these  letters  need  not  neces- 
sarily be  one-half  size,  but  may  be  written  as 
small  as  possible.  The  consideration  is  that  they 
be  distinct. 

This  rule  embraces  sixteen  consonants,  and  they 
arc  all  made  from  the  E  group.  There  is  no  halv- 
ing in  any  of  the  other  vowel  groups. 


34  BOYD  SHORTHAND 

VOWELS  AND  SPECIAL  CONSONANTS. 


5  Vowels 

5  S 

Ipecial 

c     a 

1 

h 

^     e 

J 

k-c 

^      i 

/ 

x-ex 

0      0 

/ 

q-qu 

c/n 

D 

i-i 

The  character  for  a  is  the  left  half  of  a  very 
small  circle.  E  is  formed  by  the  union  of  two 
small  curves,  and  is  used  in  such  words  as  East 
(e-st).  /  is  the  opposite  of  a,  and  o  is  an  elliptical 
mark  used  in  such  words  as  oath  (o-th).  U  is  the 
same  as  ew;  as  it  has  the  same  sound,  for  example 
blue  (bl-ew). 

The  character  for  h  is  a  short  vertical  mark 
about  one-half  the  length  of  the  character  for  to. 
K  is  the  same  as  c,  x  has  the  same  sound  as  ex,  q 
is  never  used  without  a  u,  and  so  has  the  same 
character  as  qu,  and  ji  '^^  the  same  as  i. 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


35 


EXERCISES  IN   RULE  II. 


Exercise    i. 


Practise  the  following-  exercise  which  shows 
how  consonants  are  joined  to  syllables  in 
forming  words: 


seen    <^^ — d 


■ate     T 


C      lit         -€ 


man 


r\ 


/      boy      Y  J    1      c^^'      \ 


ten         c_ 


tell 


best 


eeni 


Q^ —    lioucrht 


(laK; 


36  BOYD  SHORTHAND 


Tlie  word  and  is  abbreviated  to  an,  correspond- 
ence to  c-or  and  affairs  to  a-fr-s. 


Exercise  2 


1-   ^    D   -.  -  -1 
2  e%  o)^  —  y  D  ^  — 

^     1      10 V . 

i  —     -fr,     Y     -9-    —      "j      (     — 

-e  ^  -^  —  31  ^  4—  f  ^ 


BOYD  SHOETHAND  37 


Exercise  2  Transcribed. 
Iv  The  gem  is  on  the  floor. 

2.  It  is  probable  tae  boy  is  at  the  station. 

3.  The  old  man  bought  the  store  on  the  corner  of  5th 
Av.  and  10th  St. 

4.  All  our  business  affairs  are  transacted  promptly  and 
satisfactorily. 

5.  The  little   boy  brought   the  correspondence   to   the 
old  man  on  the  3rd  or  4th  of  November. 


/ 


452'>1 7 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  39 

EXILE  III. 

The  folloiv'mg  monosyllabic  words,  where  the 
vowel  comes  after  the  consonant,  are  represented 
by  the  characters  of  the  E  group  ivritten  in  the 
regular  icay,  and  the  first  letter  determines  the 
syllable  used.  For  example,  in  the  words  be  or  by 
the  first  letter  is  b,  therefore  it  is  the  eb  syllable 
that  is  used.  In  the  word  do  the  first  letter  is  d, 
therefore  the  ed  syllable  is  used,  and  so  on  for  all 
of  the  words.  Note  that  they  are  all  made  from 
the  E  group.    The  list  is  arranged  alphabetically. 

^^   be  by  '    — D  no  know 

'^^{j      do  due  yyf-^  C —  so  see 

r      fee  C —  tie 


^     go 


^  '  /^   via 
lie  (^    we 


\^     ).M'my  ^ 


vou 


Be  and  by  are  written  with  the  same  cliaracter, 
but  tlie  context  will  readily  show  which  of  the 
words  the  character  represents. 

The  halving  is  in  the  second  rule  only.  In  llie 
third  ruh*  the  cliaracters  arc  written  full  size, 
'^rhc  word  yoii  is  written  with  the  cy  character,  but 
tli<'  h'tter  u  wliich  is  ncvci"  used  ah)iie  is  written 
with  the  rir  character.  The  cy  character  for  the 
word  you  shouM  not  he  used  for  tlie  letter  u. 


40 


BOYD  SHOETHAND 


Note  that  will  is  abbreviated  to  il,  with  to  w  and 
from  to  fr. 

Exercise. 


'  c/      L      ^      4 


-e  ^ 


C.       I       )      <]■ 

'' O        D         X^^       /<~^       


BOYD  SHORTHAND  41 


Exercise  Transcribed. 

1.  We  do  see  you. 

2.  The  old  man  bouglit  my  shop. 

3.  You  will  go  with  me  to  see  the  show  this  evening 
at  7  o'clock. 

4.  We  hope  to  hear  from  you  as  g©on  aa-  possible-  in 
regard  to  our  correspondence. 

5.  Our  store  Is  lit  by  electricity  generated  at  the  power 
station  on  East  Vine  St. 


42 


BOYD  SHOBTHAND 


ABBREVIATIONS 


It  is  a  general  principle  in  writing  that  a  greater 
speed  may  be  obtained  by  shortening  a  word.  In ' 
abbreviating  opportunity  is  given  for  the  exercise 
of  individual  judgment  in  some  words.  The  word 
manufacturing  may  be  written  manuf,  mnfg  or 
mfr.  It  is  well  to  choose  that  form  which  will  ex- 
press the  best  outline  in  shorthand.  A  form  dif- 
ferent from  that  found  in  the  word  itself  may  be 
used,  such  as,  oz  for  ounce  and  no  for  number. 
The  usage  which  obtains  in  ordinary  practice  is 
to  abbreviate  by  syllables  rather  than  by  letters, 
for  instance,  exam  for  examination.  This  system 
of  shorthand  being  based  on  the  syllable,  follows 
the  natural  method  of  shortening  words  as  prac- 
tised in  ordinary  writing,  thus  obviating  the  neces- 
sity of  learning  special  contractions  or  long  lists 
of  word  signs.  The  most  frequent  method  of 
abbreviating  is  the  selection  of  the  first  or  first 
two  syllables  of  the  word. 

It  may  be  noted  that  an  abbreviated  word  may 
have  various  relations,  and  the  forms  being  dif- 
ferent parts  of  speech  are  readily  distinguished. 
For  example,  proh  may  mean  probable  or  proba- 
bility. In  the  sentence.  It  is  prob  it  would  be 
probable,  while  in  the  phrase  in  all  prob  it  would 
be  probability. 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  43 


PHRASES 

Phrasing  is  the  joining  of  two  or  more  words 
which  come  together  frequently  in  groups.  In  a 
long  phrase  it  may  be  necessary  to  represent  only 
the  most  prominent  words,  such  as,  we  receipt 
letter  for  ive  are  in  receipt  of  your  letter.  It  may 
be  noted  that  in  every  business  certain  combina- 
tions of  vords  peculiar  to  the  trade  are  very  fre- 
quent in  occurrence,  and  advantage  may  be  taken 
of  this  to  form  special  phrases.  It  appears  that 
the  lifting  of  the  hand  in  writing  retards  speed, 
and  in  so  far  as  words  are  combined  in  groups  to 
that  extent  will  speed  be  facilitated. 

AH  words  may  be  written  together,  but  if 
phrasing  were  carried  too  far  there  might  be  dif- 
ficulty in  separating  the  words  in  transcribing. 
It  is  well  to  combine  words  as  much  as  possible 
so  long  as  the  reading  is  distinct. 


44 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


EXERCISE. 


have  av 
reply  re  pi 
your  y 
inquiry  in  qu 
that  double  th 

institution 

in  st  it 
which  1/2  wh 

what  1/2  wh 

situated  s  it 

part  pr 

ty  same  as  y 

city  c  ty 

thoroughly 

th  or  0 
ample  am  pi 


\ 
\ 

) 


con,  com,  come     \/ 

special  mark 
accommodation 
a  com 
people  p  pi 


inclosed 

in   el  OS 
catalog  c  at 


V 


h 


find  f  in  d 

further  fr  th         '^ 

immediate  im  ed  M 


information 

in  for 
receive  re  c 


attention  I— 

at  en  sh 
yours  y  <^ 


true  tr  11 
truth  tr  th 


8^ 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


45 


it  is 
is  it 
by  the 
this  is 
is  the 
this  is  tlie 
wo  have 
to  your 
in  reply 
up  to 


PHRASES. 
O  refer  to 

(P  to  the 


^ 


we 


refer  cx^^-^ 

you  refer  to  cO 

of  tlie  [__ 
will  be  C\ 


ill  llie 

we  liO])0 
we  lioitc  to 
to  be 


J 


46  BOYD  SHORTHA^iD 


BUSINESS  LETTERS 

ir.        o       "l,       -L     — 1     r- 

V    N    y     -^     ^• 
---Ik 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  47 


Deai-  Sir : 

We  have  the  honor  to  state,  in  reply  to  your 
inquiry  of  the  4th  inst . ,  that  the  institution  which 
you  refer  to  is  situated  in  the  best  part  of  the 
city.  It  is  thoroughly  up  to  date,  and  has  ample 
accommodation  for  300  people. 

In  the  inclosed  catalog  you  will  find  further 
information  which  we  hope  will  be  satisfactory.  All 
inquiries  will  receive  our  immediate  attention. 

We  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Yours  truly. 


48 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


EXERCISE 

ent  special  mark 

A 

accept  ac  ep 

) 

gentlemen  g  ent 

v\ 

offer  of  er 

^ 

ay  same  as  a 

c 

reason  re  s  on 

Cr-o 

conversation 
con  V  er 
day  d  a 

b 

already  al  re 
however  ow  ev 

proposition 

pr  op 
rent  r  ent 

tenant  t  en 
assist  as  st 

^-^ 

office  of  ic 

0 

far  f  ar 

S 

wish  w  sli 

y 

may  m  a 

\ 

confer  con  fr 

\n 

made  m 

b 

agent  ag  t 

V 

make  m 

b 

regard  re  g 

^ 

can  c 

J 

matter  m  tr 

> 

under  un  d  er 

^-^ 

beg  b  eg 

•^ 

present  pr  es 

^ 

able  bl 

r 

circumstances 

circum  st 

\V/ 

unable  un  bl 

^c 

soon  s  on 

c-  U 

BOYD  SHORTHAND 


49 


in  regard  ^ 

we  wish  (y^ 

in  reference  lo 

may  be  ^^ 


PHRASES. 

to  hear 


be  able 


CN^ 


may  be  able      "^SV^ 


we  may 


it  may  be         Q^ 


we  can 


can  do 


i 


from  you  ^ 

hear  from  you         L^ 
to  hear  from  you 
have  you 
in  our 
T  am 
so  far 
at  tlie 
at  an 


") 

s 

c^ 


50  BOYD  SHORTHAND 


9  j?_.  43^  —  ^  I  — ^  —  y^\r> 
-    )     S.     ^      L_      > 


-^    —     ^  v_.- 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  51 


Gentlemen: 

In  reference  to  our  conversation  of  this  day 
in  regard  to  your  proposition  to  rent  an  office  at 
9  East  43rd  St.,  we  wish  to  state  that  we  have  con- 
ferred with  our  agent  in  regard  to  the  matter,  and 
we  beg  to  inform  you  that  we  are  unable  to  accept 
your  offer  for  reasons  already  stated.  It  is,  how- 
ever, our  wish  to  have  you  as  our  tenant  and  to 
assist  you  in  so  far  as  we  may  be  able  to  do  so. 
The  proposition  we  made  you  is  the  best  we  can  do 
under  the  present  circumstances. 

Hoping  to  hear  from  you  soon,  we  are. 
Yours  respectfully. 


s. 


52 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


wrote  r  ot 

Hit  ul  t  ^-«- 

connected  con  ec  Y) 

Messrs  m  es  b    ' 

company  co  same  V 

as  com 
regret  re  re  ^ 

not  ot  Cl_ 

any  an  y  3'' 

request  re  qu  es     ^^~'-^- 

exceeding  ex  ed         \j 

necessary  n  ec       J 

time  im 

early  er 

pleasure  pi  es 

visit  V  is  it 


EXEECISE. 


representative 

re  p 
few  f  ew 


1 


ago  go 

when  wb 

who   wh 

why  wh 

he  e 

sample  sm  pi 
goods  g  lid 
near  n  er 
nor  n  or 
future  f  ut 
place  pi  ac 
large  1  ar 
order  or  d 
great  gr  at 
respect  re  sp 
remain  re  m 
very  v 


\ 
\ 
\ 

Si 

> 

I 

1 

\ 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


53 


PHRASES 


we 


regret  ^--'"a^ 


you  regret 


we  have  not 


bill  of  lading        C^ 


time  to  time        u^ 


from  time 
to  time 

we  had 
from  your 
I  have 
very  best 


^u 


c/L 


^ 


y^ 


^^^^ 


is  it  not 


are  not 


has  not 


1^ 


has  not  been  | — ^^— ^ 

will  not  — ^^^ 
can  be  ck^ 

much  as  __y 

I  would  r 

as  much  / 

it  will  be  C     C\. 


54 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


c       7        V)         ,        ^       ^       _^  ^ 

^         -         ^        I  ^ ^ 


^ 


1 


</  ^         V  cA. 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  55 


Dear  Sir : 

We  wrote  you  on  the  5th  ult.  in  reference  to 
a  matter  connected  with  Messrs.  Stowe  &  Co.  of  your 
city,  and  we  regret  to  state  that,  up  to  date 
we  have  not  received  any  reply.  The  information 
we  request  is  exceedingly  necessary  at  the  present 
time,  and  we  hope  to  hear  from  you  at  an  early  date. 

.  We  had  the  pleasure  of  a  visit  from  your  repres 
entative  a  few  days  ago,  when  he  showed  us  a  sample 
of  your  goods,  and  it  is  quite  probable  that  in  the 
near  future  we  will  place  a  large  order  with  you. 
With  great  respect,  we  remain. 

Yours  very  truly. 


56 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


EXERCISE. 


let  1  et 

lot  1  ot 

letter  1  et 

would  od 

could  ud 

say  s  a 

party  pr  ty 

number  no 

west  w  st 

each  e  ch 

such  s  ch 

much  ch 

financial 

f  in  an 
standing  st  an 

firm  f r  m 


C 


J 


1 


did  id 


\ 


opportunity 

op  or 
considerable 
con  id 
but  ut 

M 

enter  ent  er 

\ 

into  in  to 

n 

relations 

re  1  at 
they  1/2  th 

Cf 

them  1/2  th 

— 

out  ut 

Q-^ 

without  w  ut 

J^ 

being  be  in 

CV^ 

secured  s  ec  ur 

9 

trusting  tr  us 

A 

inconvenience 

■in      nr\'n     '\r 

^ 

BOYD  SHORTHAND 


57 


PHRASES. 


your  letter         ^ 
to  your  letter     }^ — 


we 


would  c/  [:( 


you  would  (j\^ 


bill  of 
particulars 

would  say 


we  would 
say  that 

to  say 

to  say  tlial 

to  know 


0 


J- 


would  you 
would  you  not 
would  be 
would  be  pleased 
very  much 
do  not 
we  do  not 
would  not 
we  would  not 
ii   would  be 


V 


L 


V 


58 


BOVD  SHORTHAND 


VN 


0/V 


\  ]c_  L         17-        ^ 


-   >   <r 


'>-^ 


109    c^^    12 


L 
J- 


-/In 


t/ 


n 


■V-N  Ue_         t/  -  JO  ^^ 


^ 


V      ^ 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  59 

Gentlemen: 

In  reply  to  your  letter  of  the  17th  inst., 
we  would  say  that  the  party  you  mention  is  doing 
business  at  No.  109  West  12th  St.  in  this  city. 

We  regret  very  much  that  when  we  wrote  you 
in  regard  to  the  financial  standing  of  the  firm  of 
W.  G.  Hope  &  Co.,  we  did  not  receive  an  immediate 
reply.  We  have  had  an  opportunity  to  do  considerable 
business  with  this  firm,  but  we  do  not  wish  to  enter 
into  business  relations  with  them  without  being 
amply  secured. 

Trusting  that  we  have  not  inconvenienced  you 
in  the  matter,  we  beg  to  remain. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 


60 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


EXERCISE 


oi  (same  as  oy) 

point  p  oy 

about  ab 

whole  ol 

while   (double  wli) 

call  cl 

thing  th  g 

take  t 

just  j  St 

was  OS 

ask  sk  or  sc 

also  (al  blends 

with  so) 
should  Vo  sh 

shall  sh 

she  sh 

receipt  re 


/ 


r 


o — 

/ 
/ 

c 


'^'-^ 


been  b 
sell  si 

though  th  o 
credit  er 
fill  fi 
file  fl 

separate  sp 
seem  sm 
same  sm 
advise  v  is 
cancel  c  cl 
cause  c  os 
now  n 
some  om 
self  si 
apply  pi 


t 
J- 

( 


BOYD  SHOETHAXD 


61 


PHRASES 


has  been 


have  been 


/^ 


should  you  f 

should  you  not    C 


should  we 


T  should 


a/ 


y 


we    are 
in    receipt    of 
your  letter 
any  time 


from  them 


0_ 


in  receipt 


n^ 


at  vour 


thank  you 


valued  favor 


as  soon  as 


we  shall 


shall  be 


1)0  pleased 


shall  be 
pleased 


r 


past  favor  ^L^/^ 


we  are  in  o^ 

receipt 


^ 


I o 


/\. 


62  BOYD  SHORTHAND 

-^  —    ^    \    -    -[_  ^ 

'V      c/      cf      r     /    ^  j_. 

—  j_  v.  -3    ^   —  \^ 


V        —'V-         '^-^  L_  ^--J  Ir^ 

■^  ^  ^   V   ^    l_ 

V'         ^        —       >      :— 1    No 

0^ 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  03 

My  Dear  Sir: 

In  our  Association  at  South  Point  there  are 
about  one  thousand  members  who  carry  on  a  large 
wholesale  business  in  hard  and  soft  coal.   We  are 
informed  that  you  are  supplying  the  Northern  Elec- 
tric Co.  with  soft  coal  for  manufacturing  purposes. 
We  are  further  informed  that  this  company  is  furnish- 
ing a  part  of  this  coal  to  their  employees  and  others. 
We  wish  to  call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that,  under 
the  present  circumstances,  this  is  against  the  rules 
of  the  Association,  and  we  hope  that  you  will  take 
immediate  steps  to  relieve  the  situation  which  is 
becoming  almost  intolerable  to  the  retail  dealers 
at  South  Point. 

Kindly  let  us  hear  from  you  at  your  earliest 
convenience  in  reference  to  the  matter  and  oblige. 

Respectfully  yours. 


ai 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


^      1      ^ 


--         14  l/^        \ 


"1 


-        '1 


c^r  ^ 


EOYD  SHORTHAND  05 

My  Dear  Friend: 

On  March  14th,  we  made  what  we  thought  to  be 
a  satisfactory  adjustment  with  reference  to  the 
shipment  which  we  recently  sent  to  you,  and  which 
was  short  one  stove.  Wa  also  asked  you  to  have  the 
Eigent  make  a  notation  on  your  freight  bill  to  the 
effect  that  the  stove  was  missing.  Not  having  heard 
from  you  we  are  again  writing  you  as  we  need  your 
assistance  in  order  to  settle  the  matter. 

Should  the  agent  for  any  reafon  refuse  to  make 
such  a  notation  kindly  state  that  fact  on  the  reverse 
side  of  this  sheet  and  mail  to  us  in  the  inclosed 
stamped  envelope. 

Thanking  you  for  past  favors  and  trusting  that 
we  may  have  your  future  patronage,  we  remain. 

Sincerely  yours. 


66 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


1 


f 


V^        '^- 


r\ 


^ 


-  >  ^ 


/7 


) 


/> 


\  (? 


/ 

^     ^    J    L 

n  ^  —X 

i 

^    ^  j^  ^ 

^ 

^ 

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BOYD  SHORTHAND  67 

Dear  Madam: 

We  are  in  receipt  of  your  valued  favor  of 
recent  date,  and  we  regret  very  much  our  error 
in  handling  your  first  letter.  If  you  have  not 
received  a  satisfactory  statement  up  to  this 
time,  kindly  advise  us  as  soon  as  possible  giving 
a  complete  restatement  of  all  the  facts  in  the 
case.  We  shall  be  pleased  to  take  the  matter  up 
very  carefully,  and  we  will  guarantee  to  give 
your  letter  our  very  best  attention.  Be  sure  to 
use  the  inclosed  envelope  when  writing  to  us  again 
should  you  find  it  necessary  to  do  so. 

Assuring  you  that  we  wish  to  make  all  your 
transactions  entirely  satisfactory  to  you,  we  beg 

to  remain, 

Yours  very  respectfully, 


68  BOYD  SHORTHAND 

^    r   L  24,  ^  ^ 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  o;/ 

My  Dear  Friend  Allen: 

On  the  9th  inst.  we  mailed  you  an  order  for  goods 
as  follows: 

12  gross  No.  6  patent  penholders 

3  gal.  axel  oil 

1  box  refined  soap 

4  doz .  lead-pencils 

5  brl.  flour  (xxx) 
Awaiting  your  reply,  we  are. 

Yours  cordially, 
Dear  Miss  Jonas: 

In  rgply  to  your  favor  of  the  2nd  inst.  we  have 
pleasure  in  sending  you,  under  separate  cover,  a  copy 
of  our  latest  catalog.  From  the  prices  marked  we  will 
make  you  a  discount  of  7  1/2/,  and  an  additional  dis- 
count of  2/  for  cash  in  ten  days. 

Very  respectfully  yours. 


70  BOYD  SHOKTHAND 


LONG  AND  SHORT  VOWELS 

It  may  be  observed  that  the  letter  i  in  the  word 
ivin  is  short  in  sound,  and  that  when  it  becomes 
long  the  word  wine  is  formed,  the  e  showing  that 
the  preceding  vowel  is  long.  Other  words  are 
man  and  mane,  sit  and  site,  mit  and  mite  (might) 
and  so  forth.  In  shorthand  the  long  vowel  is  dis- 
tinguished by  a  short  horizontal  line  near  the  syl- 
labic character  which  is  long  in  sound.  In  ordi- 
nary writing  it  is  not  always  necessary  to  show 
the  long  vowel  as  the  meaning  may  be  inferred 
from  the  sense,  but  in  writing  a  list  of  words  it 
would  be  necessary  to  show  the  distinction. 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  71 


SPECIAL  MARKINGS 

There  are  a  few  special  markings  where  various 
contrivances  are  used,  and  one  way  appears  to  be 
as  good  as  another.  To  express  a  capital  letter 
a  line  or  two  lines  may  be  drawn  under  the  short- 
hand word.  A  dollar  sign  may  be  expressed  by  a 
dot  above  the  figure  or  between  the  dollars  and 
the  cents.  A  paragraph  may  be  represented  by 
an  X  or  two  short  lines  parallel  and  close  together, 
or  by  a  new  line  with  a  space  at  the  beginning  as 
in  ordinary  printing.  The  word  thousand  may 
be  expressed  by  th  and  the  word  million  by  m' 
when  they  come  after  figures. 


WORD   GROUPS 

AND 

REVIEW   EXERCISES 


74 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


A 

5  >, 


I 

c 

X 


\       1 


10    CT 
{ 

159- 
\ 


IX 


r 


20 


r 


t 

f 

? 

)  , 


c 

-^ 

T 

) 
y 


{     ( 


->/ 


5       I 


>\ 


^        V*- 


I 
1/ 


r 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


75 


ent  ant 

bay  day 

gay  hay 

lay  delay 

5  may  nay 

pay  payable 

payment  paid 

non-payment 

unpaid 
prepaid  ray 

10  say  way 
play  stay 
gray  dray 
away  each 
such  much 

15  cannot  cancel 
which  what 
they  them 
made  make 
want  went 

20  took  taken 


able  unable 

ability  inability 

did  done 

would  could 

]et  lot  • 

near  nor 

mere  more 

ever  over 

self  myself 

ourselves  himself 

herself  yourself 

itself  themselves 

selfish  self- 

concrol 
word  work 

worth  unworthy 

trustworthy 

worthless 
worse  world 

worry  worn 

part  particular 

party  parties 


apply  application 
law  lawsuit 
jury  perjury 
judge  judgment 
act  action 
promise  premise 
walk  talk 
enough  tough 
prior  period 

caution  precaut- 
ion 

concern  concess- 
ion 

though  through 

whole  while 
meanwhile  to-day 

to-night  to-mor- 
row 
together  toward 

half  often 

advise  advantage 

advance  return 

said  aforesaid 


76 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


i. 


15  2<^ 
20   "^ 


V5 

IT 

a/ 

^^ 

~y 
J 

/^ 


J- 

I.      I 


; 


u 


) 


\ 


if 


^ 


BOYD  SHO:ilTHAND 


77 


no  know 

known  know- 
ledge 
nothing  ack- 
nowledge 
nobody  notion 

5  hence  hence- 
forth 
once  twice 

announce  bet- 
ween 
couple  double 

troul  le  lost 

10  most  co=t 

true   issue 

sue  clue 

tuition  ruin 

ensue  pursue 

15  joy  enjoy 

point  choice 

appoint  toil 

soil   coil 

void  avoid 

20  noted  notice 


occasion  auct- 
ion 
co-operation 

co-partner 
hither  hitherto 

therefore  there- 
of 
book  book-keeper 

strict  instruct 

neglect  salary 

duplicate  cont- 
ents 
due  duly 

estate  establish 

list  lest 

least  charge 

during  durable 

signature  rec- 
ommend 
behind  prohibit 

hath  rush 

view  review 

escape  engage 

thing  anything 

something  anyone 


facility  object 

defer  differ 

difficult  def- 
inite 
defendant  desire 

nevertheless 

whatsoever 
"'hatever  somewhat 

contract  contrary 

control  controv- 
ersy 
country  counter- 
feit 
count  county 

council  counsel 

transit  transfer 

transform  trans- 
late 
end  endeavor 

rend  render 

endure  endorse 

prove  approve 

appropriate 

approximate 
apprise  appear 

rely  reliance 


READING   EXERCISES 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  81 


1 

^     K_    ^    I    -b  ^ 


'\-i/. 


82 

\     <^     ^  _ 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


I 7:30   c-   ^-  *X« 


"7 


— ,     ^     ^    ^  (^.  </ 

■     1     S 


-1  ^ 

_    \      p     V    ^ 


<^ 


BOYD  SHOETHAND  83 


^  -  ^  ^. 

7 


84 


BOYD  SHORTHAND 


\      ij     H     I     ">   ~^ 
j-^     "--s,     D     i^    -    k  c—  ^ 


^  —    ^    ^    ^     —  /^ 


f 


<y.     7     b.  ^. 


BOYD  SHORTHAND  85 

1      ^     ^- 


I — i      —    .•^_    — I     'V' 

f        ^        I—      )         r>r^     r^     \      ^/.— - 
r^        --        ^      ^      X-        —       H 

9 


80 


BOYD  SHOR'IHAND 


^       ^  ^\^^         — if" 


'^     —     J       ^         ^        ^ 

V_       v*^       -Nj      I         ^      -^ 
1  ^  ^  ^         T 


BOYD  SHOKTHAND 


87 


-      r^     (^     O-      —     (^ 
^       I        ^     1^      1    —   J- 


9 


BOYD  PUBLICATIONS. 


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This  book  fully  expresses  all  the  principles  of  the 
system,  and  gives  exercises  in  the  use  of  the  same. 

BOYD  SHORTHAND  DICTIONARY $1.00 

About  2,500  of  the  most  commonly  used  words  in 
the  language  are  expressed  in  shorthand, 

BOYD   LETTER   WRITER $1.00 

To  attain  the  highest  efficiency  in  shorthand,  it  is 
necessary  that  a  large  number  of  business  letters  and 
miscellaneous  matter  be  practiced  from  dictation. 
The  shorthand  reading  exercises  in  the  Instructor  are 
transcribed  in  this  book.  A  number  of  legal  forms 
are  given  such  as  "Articles  of  Co-partnership,"  and 
a  specimen  of  court  reporting.  The  rules  for  capital 
letters  and  punctuation  are  fully  set  forth. 

BOYD   SHORTHAND   JOURNAL $0.50 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

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This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


JAM  1  BlB^O 


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